熱流分析
CFD
建築的基本目的是為了屏蔽變化多端的外在自然環境,創造一個較穩定、較舒適有利於人類居住、生活的內部空間。因此,對外在與對內在環境的考量實為建築設計一個基本而重要的面向;借助現今電腦數值計算分析的長足進步,設計者可以在設計初期便對各種環境因素、影響進行精密周全的分析、評估與對應,達成更為優秀的建築成果。 The fundamental purpose of a building is to act as a shield against a changing external natural environment so as to create a stable and more comfortable interior space conducive to human life and habitation. As such, consideration of the external and internal environment does indeed constitute an important fundamental aspect of architectural design. Given the considerable progress made by modern computerized numerical analysis, designers can account for a variety of different environmental factors and influences early in the design process to conduct precise and comprehensive analysis, evaluation and mapping in order to achieve greater excellence in the architectural results.
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環境風場分析Environmental air flow analysis
一般風力氣象資料為特定位置測候站的代表性數據,但在個別局部區域之細部風力現象往往受到區域建築群、局部地形等等影響,藉由CFD環境風場分析,可以得到基地區域較為完整的風力、風向資訊;做為基地環境的基礎評估。
此外,亦可進行如廢氣、汙染物於區域擴散的分析預測,做為區域使用規劃配置、防災應變計畫等等參考。 With ordinary wind meteorological data, a specific location is designated and measured at a representative data station. However, details of wind phenomena in an individual local area are often subject to the influence of nearby buildings, local topography and so on. CFD environmental air flow analysis offers more complete information on wind strength and direction to serve as a basis for assessment of the base environment.
In addition, CFD environmental air flow analysis can be used to conduct analysis and forecasting of regional proliferation of industrial waste gas and pollutants, for use as a reference in regional planning configuration, disaster response plans, etc. -
行人風場分析Pedestrian air flow analysis
在現今人多地狹的環境,建築周邊通常多為行人、行車之空間;新建建築物拔地構成後,是否會與局部環境風場交互形成過高風速、或不當風向等,造成行人不舒適或是行車不安全等等問題,都是設計之初就必須詳加考量的議題。
透過 CFD 行人風場分析,可快速分析呈現個別建築設計所形成之行人風場細節,據以檢討調整,避免完工後難以改變的不良後果。此項目亦常為都市審議關切之重點。 In today's environment of overcrowding in inadequate spaces, the area that surrounds a building is typically reserved for pedestrian and motor traffic. When a new building is to be erected, there is a question of whether it will interact with local environmental air flows that may create inappropriate wind speed or wind direction that will result in pedestrian discomfort, unsafe driving, etc. Such issues must be considered in detail from the beginning of the design phase.
Using CFD pedestrian air flow analysis, we can quickly analyze details of pedestrian air flow generated by an individual building design. Through corresponding review and adjustment, we can thus avoid any adverse consequences that would be difficult to change after project completion. This addresses a concern that arises fairly frequently in an urban context. -
建物風力負荷分析Building wind load analysis
對於高樓層建築、或是特殊造型、特殊立面建築,風力負荷時常占有結構負荷顯著之比重;正確精密之風力負荷分析直接關係結構對應設計與結構安全。CFD風力負荷分析可快速、精密地呈現對各種風力條件對結構物造成之風力負荷;分析之結果不僅提供負荷總力,更包括於結構物上各處之負荷分佈,可協助更為精確安全的局部設計。For high-rise buildings or those with special forms or special façade construction, wind load often occupies a significant proportion of structural loads. Accurate precision wind load analysis thus directly corresponds to the structure's design and structural safety. CFD wind load analysis offers fast, precise presentation of the various wind conditions and the resulting wind load on the structure. Analytical results not only provide total load force, but also include load distribution across the structure. This can help secure more accurate local designs. -
建物外牆熱負荷分析Building exterior heat load analysis
多數建物之熱負荷來源為外部進入,外牆之熱性能決定性地左右了建物能源消耗表現。而外牆熱性能與外牆材料、尺寸、造型、構造,甚至與外在環境都有緊密的關聯;藉由CFD電腦模擬分析,現今設計者得以於設計階段就事先對外牆效能進行精密的評估與設計,落實節能的訴求。
常運用本分析協協助案例包括大面積玻璃幃幕、雙層帷幕、曲面帷幕、特殊遮陽構造、半通風雙層牆結構等等。 Most of a building's heat load source originates externally, and the thermal performance of the exterior walls is a decisive factor in determining its energy consumption performance. Moreover, an exterior's wall thermal performance is closely associated with exterior wall material, size, shape, structure and even the external environment. Using CFD computer simulation analysis, designers can now undertake precision evaluation and design in advance for external wall performance, thereby implementing energy demands in the design phase.
This analysis is frequently used to assist in cases including large glazing curtain walls, double glazing curtain walls, curved curtain walls, special shade structures, semi-ventilated double wall structures and so on. -
建物內部環境控制分析Building internal environmental control analysis
建築物內部常使用各種環境控制系統進行內部環境的控制,以使內部具備適當之溫度、溼度、空氣新鮮度等等需求。對於大型空間如體育館、展覽館、演藝廳、博物館、圖書館等等建物,由於空間特殊,內部常形成特殊之微氣候環境;且多半為特殊獨特之設計,無法直接沿襲過去設計。而此類建物規模尺度龐大,相關之環控系統複雜,難以單憑直覺經驗法則精密推論其效果;因此工程完工後才發現缺陷之風險便顯著增加。
藉由現代CFD與電腦強大計算能力,設計者可在設計階段就針對環控設計的效果進行分析檢證,確認建物內所有區域位置的環境狀況,並及早反饋設計修正,大幅降低完工後才發現難以修正改善的窘境。更可做為節能設計的重要依據。The interior of a building often uses environmental control systems to control the internal environment, addressing the need for appropriate internal temperature, humidity, air freshness and so on. For large spaces such as stadiums, exhibition halls, auditoriums, museums, libraries, etc., internal spatial characteristics often give rise to a specially-formed micro-climate; and most of them have unique design characteristics that make it inappropriate to directly follow past designs. Furthermore, the environmental control system complexity of buildings on such a large scale makes it difficult to go by intuition and rules of thumb alone to accurately infer the environmental effects. This in turn greatly increases the risk of defects being discovered after completion of the project.
Through the use of modern CFD and powerful computing capabilities, designers can address the inspection certificate in regard to analysis of the effects for environment control design. They can confirm the state of the environment in all areas within the building location and gain early feedback for design modifications. This significantly reduces hard-to-solve problems that are discovered only after completion of the project, and it can be used as an important basis for more energy-efficient design. -
住宅設計之環境熱流分析顧問服務Consultancy services for environmental heat analysis in residential design
外部建物本體基本項目Main items of building exterior environment- 環境/行人風場分析Environmental/pedestrian airflow analysis建物量體與周圍半徑內相鄰建物群之夏冬兩季代表風向之環境風場分析。Environmental airflow analysis in summer and winter conditions for the building itself and for adjacent buildings within a certain
- 植栽熱環境影響分析Thermal environmental impact analysis of plants建物周邊環境植栽熱環境分析Thermal environmental impact analysis of the impact of planting foliage on buildings in the surrounding environment.
- 建物風力負荷分析Building wind load analysis建物量體八面風向之風力負荷分析Multidirectional wind load analysis on the building mass.
- 建物外殼熱性能分析Building shell thermal performance analysis建物外牆帷幕之熱性能分析(輻射遮蔽率、熱阻值等)Thermal performance analysis on the building's external wall curtain (radiation shielding, thermal resistance, etc.)
內部環境項目Main items of building internal environment- 住宅衛浴通風性能分析Residential bathroom ventilation performance analysis衛浴是人洗滌身心、恢復活力的重要場所。衛浴內空調系統設計的良率將之接影響衛浴享受的舒適性。精心分析設計的系統可提供溫度、濕度適中、氧氣量充分的環境,使用者得以放鬆身心並維持安全性。Bathrooms are important places for peoples' washing and rejuvenation, and the effectiveness of bathroom air conditioning system design has a certain impact on associated enjoyment and comfort. A well designed system can provide a comfortable temperature, moderate humidity and a sufficient amount of oxygen in the environment so as to allow users to relax in safety.
- 住宅內部空調系統舒適性分析Comfort analysis of residential interior air conditioning systems現代住宅講究住戶之室內舒適的居住環境。依據科學縝密的電腦分析回饋所進行之空調系統配置,可提供均勻、宜人的室內溫度環境;於室內活動、移動時人體不會感受到某些地方溫度偏低或偏高的擾人感受。適當的氣流設計除了使溫度均勻穩定外,風速控制也使人體處於最舒適的感受範圍。此外,台灣位處亞熱帶,環境濕度長年偏高,高濕環境是人體感受不舒適的重要因素。藉由對空調系統的準確分析,可達成濕度的適當調控,除使人體舒適外,更有助於住宅內收藏擺設之家具、衣物、藝術品等的維護。Modern residential inhabitants pay attention to the comfort of their indoor living environments. When air-conditioning system configuration is conducted in accordance with careful scientific computer analysis of feedback, it can ensure uniform and pleasant indoor temperatures. During the body's movement in the course of indoor activities, it does not feel the discomfort of low or high temperatures. In addition to proper airflow design that allows for uniform and stable temperatures, proper fan speed control also ensures that the in habitant are in the most comfortable range. In addition, year-round high humidity in Taiwan's subtropical climate is also an important factor in causing discomfort. Accurate analysis of the air conditioning system can ensure appropriate regulation of humidity, not only aiding bodily comfort but also helping to better maintain residential appointments including furniture, clothing, artwork and so on.
- 公共空間環境舒適性分析Comfort analysis of public space environments現代住宅普遍具有開闊寬敞之大廳等空間,作為由外部至私人住所的轉折緩衝及公共休憩等使用;該空間的舒適性往往直接形成進入建物人員的第一感受與印象,對建物形象具有重要作用,並且同時影響住戶於該空間內進行休憩的意願。大空間環境之熱環境、氣流環境因自然上升對流與自由流動性較為複雜,唯借助電腦流體力學精密分析才能在設計階段便確認提供舒適宜人的環境Modern houses generally tend to have spacious open hall spaces to serve as a public space and as a buffer going from the outside into the private residence area. The comfort of this space often directly governs the first feelings and impressions of people entering the building, making it an important factor in the image of the overall building, and at the same time it affects the willingness of household residents to relax in this space. Due to the natural convection and free-flowing air currents, the thermal environment of large spaces is more complex; in the design phase, sophisticated Computation Fluid Dynamics is the only way to ensure the creation of a pleasant environment.
- 健身房空氣品質與舒適性分析Gymnasium air quality and comfort analysis由於健身房內可能有大量人員進行高強度之運動,內部環境要求遠比一般空間嚴峻。如溫度、濕度、二氧化碳、氧氣之調控不當,情況輕微則造成運動人員不舒適感受停止運動、降低使用意願,情況嚴重則可能造成人員昏厥、休克等等危害人身安全的情況,應竭力於設計階段就加以避免。Since a gymnasium may hold a large number of persons engaged in high-intensity sports, the requirements of the internal environment are more stringent than that of more general spaces. Improper regulation of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide or oxygen may cause mild discomfort among athletes and cause them to stop exercising and reduce their willingness to use the space. In serious cases, this discomfort may result in fainting, shock and so on, thus endangering personal safety. We should strive to avoid these problems in the design stage.
- 室內泳池/SPA氣體安全性與舒適性分析Indoor pool/spa gas safety and comfort analysis室內泳池因大量含氯水體積存於室內,揮發之氯氣如累積濃度過高會影響人體健康與嗅覺感受。泳池水體、SPA設備之蒸發水氣如累積過高亦會使人體感到悶熱、呼吸窒礙,形成不良的使用感受經驗。藉由CFD輔助設計,可精確檢核確認上述情形可在設計階段就加以避免。Because of massive volumes of water stored within an enclosed space, indoor chlorinated swimming pools, excessive concentrations of volatile chlorine will affect human health and sense of smell. In addition, excessive evaporation of water vapor from swimming pools or spa equipment can also cause feelings of stuffiness and difficulty breathing, creating an undesirable user experience. With CFD-aided design, we can accurately check and determine whether the above situations can be avoided in the design phase.
- 停車場空氣品質環境分析Parking lot air quality environmental analysis室內停車場為密閉空間,車輛行駛排放大量有害氣體,如未進行即時有效調控,除造成人體不舒適感受外,更會對人體健康與生命安全造成直接影響。藉由CFD輔助設計,可協助進行最有效精密的通風配置,提供高品質舒適安全的停車環境。For indoor parking in confined spaces, vehicles emit large quantities of harmful gases and any failure to carry out immediate and effective regulation not only causes external discomfort but can have a direct and harmful impact on human life and safety. CFD-aided design can help precisely determine the most effective ventilation configurations in order to provide high-quality comfort and safety in the parking environment.
- 電梯塔活塞效應分析Elevator tower pistoning effect analysis若住宅樓層數達一定數量,且電梯速度高,則會產生顯著之活塞效應,可能造成電梯塔周圍帷幕、窗戶之壓力震波,以及電梯本體搖晃震動。藉由CFD輔助分析設計,可確認該現象之情況,並據以設計適當之通孔、洩壓等措施,避免上述現象之發生。For buildings with more than a certain number of residential floors, high-speed elevators will produce a significant pistoning effect that generates a pressure shock wave that impacts the windows and curtain walls surrounding the elevator tower, as well as causing vibrations in the elevator itself. CFD analysis and design can detect this phenomenon and guide appropriate design steps to avoid it such as through holes, pressure relief and so on.
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